Where Big Can Be BothersomeFor all its size, India cannot achieve its larger objectives without eliciting willing cooperation from smaller neighbours... A `big brother' approach is entirely misplaced ... ...
Anti-India sentiment in Nepal is partly driven by history. The root of the problem lies in the settlement of Indians in the Terai region of Nepal - the agriculturally productive flatlands which border Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.``Indigenous'' Nepalese residing mostly in the hill areas have resented their presence. They feel the Terai population exercises a disproportionate influence over Nepali politics and economy.
According to one estimate, around four million Indians have shifted to Nepal in the last 35 to 40 years. While Hindus are the majority, the Muslim population in the Terai is not negligible either. Nearly 97 per cent of Nepal's seven lakh Muslims reside in the Terai. While a majority of the muslims work on the farms, they also form a sizeable chunk of traders in Nepalgunj on the India-Nepal border. The Indian origin population continues to enjoy extensive links with people, some of them with questionable backgrounds, on the Indian mainland.
Migration of skilled or semi-skilled Indians or those establishing small and medium sized businesses have been treated with suspicion in Nepal in the past. In fact, concerned by the flow of Indians into Nepal, the Government in Kathmandu had set up a task force in the early 1980s to look into the ``problem''. The recommendations of this task force were, however, never implemented.
The presence of smugglers in large numbers in Nepal has imparted a new edge to the anti-India feelings. Kathmandu watchers point out that smuggling and prostitution have been the biggest revenue earning pursuits in Nepal over the years. In fact, there have been reports that large numbers of Nepali politicians and bureaucrats have been directly or indirectly linked to the gold smuggling syndicates operating in the country. ...
# India has also become useful for focalising
economic frustration, especially among the Nepali youth. Not surprisingly, the students belonging to leftist organisation who took to the streets targeted commercial establishments owned by Indians. These included enterprises and cinema halls, some of which were owned by the Indian origin Marwari community. In other words, there now exists in Nepal a powerful infrastructure which can exploit the existing negativism against India. ...
# While the sheer facts of geography, economics and population will make India a dominant player in the equation with the neighbours, it cannot achieve its larger strategic objectives without willing cooperation from its smaller neighbours. A clinical appreciation of the ground situation will lead to the conclusion that in promoting India's larger strategic interests, forging equations of inter-dependence with its smaller neighbours will be the key.
Practitioners of Indian foreign policy often forget that neighbouring countries though smaller in size do have a restricted but effective counter-leverage over New Delhi. As witnessed by India for over a decade, neighbouring countries can become bases for waging a punishing low intensity terrorist war. An attitudinal fixation of treating neighbours as inferiors, symptomised in a ``big brother'' approach is therefore entirely misplaced.
... in the long run, a fresh approach***** based on mutual respect and anchored in existing realities will have to be forged with neighbours.
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http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2001 ... 071343.htm